Regarding Australia, people will certainly think of some adorable animals such as kangaroos, rabbits, and koalas.

Australia has unique advantages as a paradise for many wildlife species, with its vast land and suitable climatic conditions being the most important.

Located in the southern hemisphere, Australia is the only country that occupies an entire continent, with an area of 7.69 million square kilometres, ranking sixth in the world in terms of land area. However, despite its vast land, Australia's population is only 25.44 million. Over 95% of the land is virtually uninhabited, with half of the population residing along the coast and the other half in proximity to that coastal half.

Australia boasts a diverse range of climatic conditions. From the north to the south, it spans two climate zones, with the north being tropical, the south being temperate, and the central-western region consisting mainly of deserts. There is a tropical grassland climate, mild maritime climate, and tropical desert climate.

Australia can be described as a place with a "climate-type mix." Despite the varied climate, the wildlife here is unique. Kangaroos and wild rabbits abound, becoming a national symbol and treasure. However, the sheer abundance of kangaroos has led to the need for culling.

According to data, Australia has over 50 million wild kangaroos, twice the human population. This surprising data raises the question: why are there more kangaroos than people in this vast land? The answer lies in the fact that much of Australia's land is sparsely populated, as the climate conditions are not suitable for human habitation.

The majority of the population is concentrated in the southeast coastal region and the southwest region. Sydney and Melbourne, in particular, have become significant population centers. Data indicates that these two cities alone account for around 40% of the population. The main reason is their proximity to the coast, providing a humid climate without extreme cold or heat, making them more suitable for human habitation.

In addition to the arid climate, the intermittent flow of rivers and the shortage of drinking water resources also limit the size of Australia's population. The Murray River, Australia's longest river, is crucial for agricultural irrigation. However, as the river passes through arid desert areas, reduced rainfall and droughts lead to an annual period of river flow cessation, posing challenges for agriculture and, by extension, the lives of residents.

This highlights Australia as a country with a scarcity of water resources, forcing people to live in coastal areas. Furthermore, the extensive "red soil" in Australia is a significant factor contributing to its sparse population. These red soils, composed of accumulated iron oxide, have lost fertility over the years due to exposure and weathering.

Consequently, crops cannot be grown in these infertile soils, making it challenging for trees and grass to survive. The formation of these red landscapes is mainly due to the stable crust in the region, with few active volcanoes providing rich volcanic ash for the already nutrient-depleted soil, resulting in uninhabited deserts. Nature has also restricted population development.

The sparse population of Australia is closely related to its natural environment. Over two-thirds of Australia's land is classified as arid and semi-arid, consisting of deserts and semi-deserts unsuitable for human habitation.

The original indigenous inhabitants could only settle in the marginal areas of the Australian continent with abundant water sources, ample water supply, and fertile land. Therefore, over the past 300 years, the population in Australia has not shown an explosive growth process.